What is diabetes should eat:
Diet therapy for diabetic patients is essential, and it is decisive. Diet therapy is the basic treatment for diabetes, regardless of light condition, weight or no complications, either yes, no application of drug therapy should be long-standing and strictly enforced. Numerous clinical experience has shown that treatment failure in patients with diabetes, improper diet or can not adhere to the diet therapy is the most important reason. Total calorie intake each day, and a variety of nutrients to meet the physiological needs.
Diet therapy to diet to promote science, rather than simply the control diet, patients with diabetes to make a correct understanding of the significance of diet. Requirements for people with diabetes can eat normal diet, but not free to eat. Like a normal person can not eat as much as, and when eat all you want. Must be in accordance with the physical needs of the entire day and all the necessary nutrients of total calories in the form of food, planned and rational distribution of meals and snacks each day, the time, and quantity food, snacks if necessary. To achieve both full, no hunger, not eat. Controlled by proper diet, can effectively stabilize the blood sugar can reduce the occurrence and development of diabetic complications, diabetic diet therapy, both now and in the future always been the cornerstone of comprehensive treatment of diabetes.
First, the principles of diet therapy of diabetes:
1, the heat balance: the control total calories a day, the daily intake of calories and the calories consumed to achieve the balance of physiological needs, to keep their weight in the normal (ideal) standard range.
2, nutrient balance: the three major nutrients, carbohydrate, total calories should be 55 ~ 65%, 30% less fat, protein accounted for 15 ~ 20% (requirement of about 1g/kg ideal body weight).
The balance of minerals and vitamins: calcium, magnesium, chromium, zinc, minerals and trace elements such as lack of glucose metabolism disorder, should be added. Adequate intake of vitamins to ensure good health.
Recipe to diversity: adjusting the food intake of the variety, quantity. Were using the food exchange method, according to food exchange table, their deployment of their favorite food.
3, to promote to promote: "two high and four low, a balance", smoking, alcohol.
Second: High carbohydrate, high fiber. Four low: low-sugar, low fat, low cholesterol, low salt. A balance: a balance of protein,
Second, a reasonable diet:
In 1992, the World Health Organization (WHO) presented the Declaration of Victoria four cornerstones of health: a reasonable diet, regular exercise, quit alcohol limit, psychological balance, which can reduce high blood pressure 55%, stroke by 75%, diabetes by 50% the tumor reduced by 1 / 3. In short, can harm human health, the major chronic diseases decreased by 1 / 2 or more, and less than the cost of medical expenses of 1 / 10, and to the quality of life greatly improved.
However, China in recent years, as living standards improve, people's diet structure has also undergone great changes, sugar, fat intake was significantly increased, as well as to diabetes, hypertension and other lifestyle diseases increased significantly.
In order to correct our bad eating in front of the experts made a way of initiatives: "two high, four low, a balance", smoking, alcohol.
Two high:
(1) high carbohydrate:
Dietary carbohydrates are the body get energy from the most economical and the most important source. Unless you eat the staple food or eating less, from the lack of glucose, the body is bound to participate in the mobilization of fat metabolism, provide energy. A lot of fat breakdown, that is easy to send ketoacidosis. As the heat is insufficient to promote gluconeogenesis, which lead to high blood sugar, the body eliminate vessels, decreased disease resistance, easy to cause infection, leading to complications.
In the reasonable control of the heat, based on an appropriate increase in carbohydrate intake to the main starch polysaccharide, eat coarse grains of rice and noodles and minimize rice, flour, to improve insulin sensitivity and improve glucose tolerance have a certain effect. However, fasting blood glucose above 10mmol / L in patients not suitable for high-carbohydrate diet. The normal fasting blood glucose or oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents or insulin injections in some patients, the general heating of carbohydrate food for 50% of total calories -60%.
(2) high fiber foods:
Dietary fiber does not heat the polysaccharide, the system generally refers to plant varieties of non-starch polysaccharides and lignin, is not digested, and only water-soluble fiber on postprandial blood glucose and serum cholesterol has obvious effects, such as: pectin, guanidine glue ear (a kind of beans in India), carrageenan, konjac gum.
Non-water-soluble dietary fiber grains and legumes seeds stored in the skin, such as: bran (oat bran).
Mechanism of cellulose:
① mechanical gastrointestinal effects, increased food volume, lower energy density, slow the stomach emptying time.
② reduced intestinal motility, enzymatic digestion of intestinal slow speed.
③ hinder intestinal hormone released into the blood.
④ improved peripheral insulin sensitivity.
Four Low:
① Diet: Reduce intake of sugar, including sugar and high sugar products.
② fat: diabetes less body fat synthesis, decomposition accelerated lipid metabolism, causing elevated blood lipids, leading to atherosclerosis, choosing fat foods, attention should vary reasonable consumption.
Normal fat intake, accounting for 20-35% of total calories the body, usually 25%, not more than 1g/kg weight,> 100g / day, for the high fat diet, <50g / day low-fat diet. Intake of saturated fatty acids normally should be "10% of total calories, total fat intake accounted for about 1 / 3, try to eat or not eat animal fats. Obese patients should not be fat intake> 40g / day. Because the high fat diet can prevent the use of sugar to produce ketone bodies → ketoacidosis.
③ Low cholesterol: total cholesterol daily intake should not exceed 300mg, because cholesterol is to promote atherosclerosis one of the factors, Eat better.
④ low salt: low-salt diet in people's minds in recent years already have some knowledge, but the salt is an impact of diabetes, people do not know, after medical studies have shown that excessive intake of salt, can enhance amylase activity the promotion of intestinal absorption of starch digestion and promote the role of free glucose, causing blood glucose concentration increased and increased disease, diabetes should not be so high-salt diet, salt intake should be 5g per day below and include salt seasoning such as: pasta The basic sodium material (250g bread with it the equivalent of 2g of salt). At present, China (such as Jiangsu Salt Industry) have been produced and used in clinical low-sodium, can replace the salt available in the market.
A balance: protein balance
Protein is a nitrogen-containing polymers, metabolic processes inevitably produce nitrogen, thus the inevitable changes in protein metabolism on nitrogen balance in the body. Onset diabetes, protein metabolism and performance for the synthesis blocked, decomposition enhanced gluconeogenesis occurs. When the intake of protein is low, it will lead to negative nitrogen balance weight loss, decreased disease resistance and infection.
Normal daily intake of protein in patients with diabetes 1.0g/kg body weight, weight loss or weight loss are poor disease control may be increased to 1.2-1.5g/kg weight, of which 1 / 3 of the best from high-quality protein, such as: milk , Dan, lean meat, soybean and so on. Protein calories should be provided for 15% of total calories. Pregnant women, children should be appropriately increased intake of protein, such as: children with diabetes 2-3g/kg / day, after the pregnancy in May increased protein 15-25g / day, diabetic nephropathy, renal failure not be more into the protein to 80-100g / day, to limit sodium intake, urea nitrogen, renal dysfunction, but should be appropriate to reduce the high protein intake.
3, diet therapy should be taken into account vary:
① obese, should drink low-calorie foods, reduced body weight.
② thin type, will have to increase the total calories a day to make weight close to normal weight.
③ Children should not be too restricted diet, according to the characteristics of strong growth, given enough calories and protein.
④ elderly patients should be strictly limited fat and alcohol intake, increase fiber intake, diet and light meals more appropriate.
⑤ exercise in the morning when not fasting, or after dinner to bedtime activity for too long, the intensity is too large, the food to be appropriately increased.
4, to develop good eating habits
① ② Diet eating slowly diversifying ④ ③ ⑤ happy mood not a partial eclipse, hi flexible light snacks ⑥ ⑦ food hygiene.
In order to facilitate memory, in this reference Hong Shaoguang Professor (National Cardiovascular disease research group leader) talked about the largest health foundation - a reasonable diet, said the words: Food is a reasonable diet is very important. Because a reasonable diet can make you fat nor thin, cholesterol is not high nor low, nor stick thin blood clotting level. So how to do a reasonable diet? Two words, ten words: the first sentence is called one, two, three, four, five, second sentence is called the red, yellow, green, white and black. Ten words to remember these two words, it is reasonable diet of science, the world's most scientific. "
"One" 1 bag of milk a day, containing 250 milligrams of calcium.
"Two" is a staple of every meal intake of 2, two (100 grams), 6-8 day two (300-400 grams).
"Three" is the daily consumption of 3 copies of high-protein foods, lean meat, 1 each can be two (50 grams), or 1 large egg, or tofu, or poultry, or fish 2 Two (100 grams).
"Four" is four sentences: Rough is fine (the thickness of grain mix), not sweet and not salty (6-7 grams of salt per day), four, five tons (total control, multiple meals), Qi Bafen full.
"Five" refers to the daily 500 grams of vegetables and fruits, plus additional amount of cooking oil and spices.
"Red" is a tomato a day, especially the gay one day a tomato, 45% reduction in prostate cancer, cooked tomatoes better, because tomatoes, sweet potato is fat-soluble, the second means that if healthy people drink red Wine can also be a daily drink 50-100 ml of red wine, helps to increase high density lipoprotein and blood circulation, prevent atherosclerosis. Eat red pepper can improve mood, reduce the red pepper is to improve the mood of anxiety thing.
"Yellow" means yellow vegetables such as carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkins, and tomatoes. Yellow vegetables, vitamin A and more, these foods rich in carotene, can enhance immunity, reduce infection and the incidence of tumors.
"Green" refers to tea, green tea today's best promote the antioxidant green tea, a free base, reduce aging, Yue Heyue young. Tea can prolong life and reduce the tumor, reducing atherosclerosis, which is in the affirmative.
"White" What does that mean? Oat flour, oatmeal. Former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, high cholesterol, do not take medicine, is delicious oat. Especially diabetes, oatmeal is not only lower cholesterol, lowering triglycerides, but also diabetes, weight loss particularly good, especially the oatmeal pass stool, dry stool many elderly people, resulting in cerebrovascular accident, very good pass stool,
"Black," What does that mean? "Black" is a black fungus. Black fungus are particularly good this thing, it can lower blood viscosity. Black fungus eat, the blood become diluted, is not susceptible to cerebral thrombosis, is not susceptible to coronary heart disease.
Third, the objectives and requirements of diet therapy of diabetes:
① achieve and maintain standards (ideal) body weight.
② maintain a healthy physique.
③ keep your blood sugar to normal or as normal levels, reduction in diabetic complications.
④ improve blood lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, reduce blood vessel lesions.
⑤ scientific computing content of various nutrients, so that a balanced diet.
